10 Shopping Tips to Save Money at Outlet Malls & Factory Stores

When it comes to shopping, is there anything better than an outlet mall? Amazing sales, deep discounts, and significant savings abound, all in one place. However, the problem is that what seems like an amazing place to score great deals can actually end up being a spending trap – especially if those so-called “deals” aren’t all that great.

A savvy outlet mall shopper knows that just because something has a sale tag on it doesn’t necessarily mean it’s a worthy discount. In fact, some of the secrets behind how outlet malls actually operate could surprise you – and make you think twice before pulling out your wallet the next time you visit one.

Savvy Shopping at the Outlets

You can find amazing deals on clothes, home goods, sporting goods, and everything else at the outlets, as long as you spend carefully and do your homework. Understand how they work, and use a discerning eye when it comes to that giant “SALE!” sign on the front door of your favorite store.

1. Understand the Difference Between Types of Outlet Stores

Not all outlet stores are created equal, and discounts vary between them. There are generally four types you should know about: outlet, factory, retail, or refurbished. When in doubt, ask a store employee what type of products are sold there to know what kind of deals to expect.

True Outlet Stores
True outlets carry merchandise that was originally stocked in regular retail stores and has been discontinued or phased out due to the shopping season, resulting in steep discounts. These stores also often carry damaged goods, so always check items carefully for irregularities before you buy anything. Examples of stores in this category include the following:

• Lands’ End
• REI
• Old Navy
• Levi’s
• Lululemon
• Champion
• Eddie Bauer
• Nine West
• Children’s Place
• Chico’s
• Motherhood Maternity

Factory Stores
Factory stores sell goods that were specifically produced for outlet malls. While these items may look like those in regular retail stores and bear the same name, they’re usually made with cheaper fabrics or fewer features than their full-price counterparts. For example, a dress carried in a J. Crew retail store might be designed without the expensive lining and fabrics and then sold through the J. Crew outlet. Stores that sell outlet goods specifically include:

• Nike
• J. Crew
• Crewcuts
• Polo Ralph Lauren
• GUESS
• Calvin Klein
• Gymboree
• Loft
• Coach
• Banana Republic
• Coldwater Creek
• Oakley
• Ann Taylor

Retail Stores
Retailers that want to take advantage of the foot traffic in outlet malls sometimes purchase store space there without actually offering outlet products. Designated “outlet” stores, on the other hand, should notify buyers somewhere on the store sign so you don’t get caught paying retail price unknowingly. Some retail stores that simply operate space in outlet malls include:

• Famous Footwear
• American Eagle
• Maurice’s
• Charlotte Russe
• Columbia Sportswear
• Sunglass Hut
• Zumiez
• PacSun
• Aeropostale

Refurbished Electronics Stores
Many electronics manufacturers sell refurbished goods such as computers, TVs, and stereo systems at outlet malls. They are less common than clothing or sporting goods stores, but if you happen upon one, you might be able to snag a deal on refurbished goods classified as “like new.” Just make sure that whatever you buy comes with a warranty, which is standard among refurbished retailers.

Some electronics companies that have brick-and-mortar refurbished outlet stores include the following:

• Bose
• Nikon
• Dell
• Toshiba
• KitchenAid

Obviously, deals vary based on your location and which stores are available to you.

2. Get the Inside Scoop

Before I visit an outlet mall, I always view its website. By doing so, you can see which stores have promotions and sales, and even download online coupons. If there is no website for the outlet mall you plan to visit, or you don’t find any coupons online, stop first at customer service, where you may find coupon books and information sheets. You can also join outlet mall loyalty programs to receive things like points for purchases, exclusive coupons, and notifications of sale dates.

3. Set a Shopping Budget

If you go shopping without a budget, you’re bound to spend more than you’d like as you’re lured into store after store. Because outlet malls usually have plenty to choose from, I rarely set a store-to-store budget. However, before you head out for the day, make sure you have a “cap” on how much you plan to spend.

A surefire way to stay within your limits is to withdraw the amount you plan to spend in cash, and when it’s gone, stop shopping and go home. If you’re nervous about carrying that much cash with you, you can load up a prepaid debit card with the same amount and still stay within your budget for the day.

4. Check Prices Online

The folks who operate outlet stores are masters of enticing customers to spend. They know that outlet mall shoppers are looking for good deals and are more likely to buy something if it’s marked down – so they often proclaim sales, even when prices aren’t deeply discounted.

Before you snatch up that scarf or purse, try scanning the bar code with a smartphone shopping app such as ShopSavvy or RedLaser. Both check prices for the store you’re in, nearby brick-and-mortar stores, and online retailers to make sure you’re getting the best deal – with or without the giant sales tag.

5. Shop Close to Home

There’s a reason outlet stores are usually found off the beaten path and away from metropolitan areas: They need a lot of space, and land is cheaper in the boonies. However, there’s also another reason that outlet mall owners don’t mind building away from large cities: Shoppers are more inclined to “make a day of it” when the stores are an hour or so away. When you shop farther away from your home or hotel, you may feel more pressure to get your money’s worth and spend a lot on deals you feel you can’t get anywhere else.

I was surprised to see how much my shopping habits changed when a new outlet mall opened closer to my home. Previously, when the closest one was 90 miles away, I’d stay all day and spend like crazy to make it worth my while. This year a new outlet mall opened just 30 miles from my home, and I feel much less pressure to spend because I can go back anytime I want. Therefore, I don’t blow my entire budget in one trip. The moral of the story is, when it comes to outlet shopping, the closer to home, the better.

6. Go for Major Sale Weekends

One way to make sure you get the most out of your outlet mall experience is to plan your shopping trips around popular holiday sales, such as Black Friday. Because of stiff competition against regular malls and other stores within the outlet mall for your foot traffic, they’re prone to give steep discounts, release coupons, and bring in new stock for the masses.

Some of the best weekends to shop include the following:

• Memorial Day weekend
• The Fourth of July
• Labor Day weekend (especially for back-to-school specials)
• The weekend after Thanksgiving

You’re likely to see busy crowds around holiday weekends, but that’s easily compensated for by the discounts.

7. Use Coupons With Caution

There’s nothing like getting an additional price reduction on an item that’s already on sale. Just use coupons carefully when at the outlet mall. Sometimes, what you think is a coupon to Gap Outlet is actually a coupon to Gap, an entirely different store.

Usually, if the brand has both outlet and regular stores, the coupon must say “outlet” or “factory” somewhere to be eligible for use at the outlet mall. Still, it never hurts to ask whether or not a coupon is valid, especially if there’s potential for added savings.

If you’re a member of an outlet mall loyalty program, you can receive coupons via email or home postal mail. Just be sure to check the dates so you only shop when they’re valid.

8. Dig for Clearance Deals

Like their regular retail counterparts, outlet stores are laid out for maximum customer spending. That means more expensive and full-priced goods are at the front, while clearance and more heavily discounted deals are in the back.

Plan enough time to really dig through the merchandise and you can score the best bargains. Don’t be afraid to make a beeline for the clearance racks, and check for additional discounts on top of closeout products. Of course, it never hurts to ask a sales associate about current deals – they’re usually happy to point the way to any promotions.

9. Check the Return Policy

While you’re hemming and hawing over that sweater, it’s a good time to ask a sales associate about the store’s return policy. Outlet stores often have limited return policies, and some items may actually be final sale – which might affect your decision whether to make certain purchases.

Proximity of the outlet mall to your home is another factor to consider when contemplating returning items. If you’re traveling or visiting from another city, the chances of you actually getting back there before the return policy window is up are pretty slim. Don’t buy anything unless you’re sure you want it, since there’s a good chance it’s yours for good.

10. Don’t Assume the Outlet Is Cheaper

Never assume something is a good deal just because you found it at an outlet mall. Sometimes, regular malls offer the same discounts without all the digging – and they’ve got better return policies. Check your shopping app to make sure you’re getting a good deal.

Big sale weekends and sidewalk sales in regular malls could net you higher-quality items for comparable prices, so it’s worth the extra look before you splurge on something at the outlet mall. This is definitely a benefit if you’re searching for quality over quantity. And, if you’re savvy on a sale weekend, heading to the retail mall for great deals on good-quality stuff may save you money over paying for a lower-quality item at the outlet.

Of course, when it comes to stuff like kids’ clothes, seasonal shoes, and trendy items, you shouldn’t mind lower quality. If you’re looking for something that you want to last forever, though – a leather jacket or little black dress, for example – it’s probably best to head to the retail store.

How to dress professionally on a budget

“Style is a way to say who you are without having to speak.” – Rachel Zoe

The above quote may have been uttered by a celebrity fashion designer, but it is actually incredibly relevant to travel and tourism students.

As the tourism industry is largely customer-facing, employers look for staff who have excellent personal presentation. That’s why ITC enforces a corporate black and white dress code.

Every student is required to wear professional black and white clothing to college, every day. This helps to prepare students for the industry and ensures they always look fantastic for when employers visit campus.

We understand that finding corporate clothing isn’t easy for everyone, which is why we’ve come up with some tips to dress to impress – on a budget. You don’t need designer labels or a lot of money to look fantastic. Here are some ideas to help you update your wardrobe for 2016 at very little cost.

Keep it simple

One mistake many students make is thinking they need a new outfit for every day of the week. In reality, if you buy a few simple, staple pieces, you can easily dress these up with different tops, accessories or jackets.

Staple pieces include a plain black skirt (for women), plain black trousers, a plain black jacket or blazer and black dress shoes. These items will cost you a bit upfront, but once you’ve bought them they should last for years (providing you take good care of them).

Shop second hand

Now that you know what staples you need in your wardrobe, where can you get them for the best price? Believe it or not, many second-hand stores have an excellent variety of corporate clothing. You can pick up some great labels for an absolute bargain!

Just be prepared to do your research and look around a few stores – sometimes it can take a bit of time before you find the perfect outfit in the right size. There are many good second-hand stores in Auckland central, such as Paperbag Princess and The Recycle Boutique.

Ask friends and family

Nearly everyone owns a pair of black trousers and a nice jacket – yet unless they are looking for a new job, they might not ever wear them! You’d be surprised at how many people will be happy for you to raid their wardrobe.

Even better, you could organize a ‘wardrobe swap’ with some of your friends, where everyone brings a few items of clothing they never wear. The idea is you’ll get rid of clothes you no longer like and take home some great new outfits.

Shop online

There are some great online shopping websites which often have amazing sales. There’s just a couple of things to be careful about when ordering online.

Firstly, be sure of your size (it’s a good idea to use a tape measure to be exact) and take note of the website’s shipping prices. You don’t want to be caught out by a large shipping fee!

Do you have any advice for shopping on a budget? Comment below to share your tips with ITC students.

Good luck and happy shopping!

Supermarket Shopping in Denmark

In order to quickly find your feet in your new home country, it is good to know which supermarkets are around and how they differ to supermarkets in Britain. Despite their geographical closeness, there are some distinct differences regarding prices and the selection of produce on offer. Read on to get clued up on these nuances and to help you settle in.


Generally, grocery shopping in Demark is a little more expensive (but not prohibitively so) than in the UK. This is due to the fact that taxes in Denmark are higher, with extra taxes on items such as nuts and alcohol. The latter is actually only a little more expansive than in the UK. Cheap Danish alcohol is similar price-wise to the British stuff and you’ll regret them both in equal proportions the next day. Which makes the Danish stereotype about expensive alcohol rather redundant here.
What I particularly liked about Danish supermarkets were the minimal differences in price between the conventional and organic produce, for the simple reason that I prefer to buy organically grown and farmed fruit, vegetables and meat.

Discount supermarkets

The cheapest supermarkets, of course, are the discount supermarkets. You can find the same German discount supermarkets we have in the UK, Aldi and Lidl, pretty much everywhere in Denmark and the selection is practically the same. When you are feeling a little homesick it’s reassuring to be able to find products from your home country. This is how I was able to get my hands on my much-loved low-fat cheese curd from Lidl. Generally the Danish discount supermarkets have everything that could possibly desire and need on a daily basis. Discount products, branded products, organic and conventional produce are on offer here. Here are some of the discount stores:
Aldi: one of the cheapest chains in Denmark, whose selection is practically the same as that in England.
Lidl: similar to Aldi.
Fakta: an omnipresent Danish chain. The produce at Fakta is generally very cheap.
KIWI: a Norwegian discount supermarket chain.
Netto: one of the most well-known Danish supermarket chains because of its logo.

Normal supermarkets

All supermarkets that don’t fall into the discount category, sell branded goods. But you can also find their own brands, similar to things like 'Everyday Value' and 'Basics'. A simple rule of thumb – the biggest supermarkets and the smallest ones are the most expensive. On the one hand you have chains such as Bilka and on the other hand you have small shops similar to corner shops, like Min købmand.
·Bilka: as well as food and drink you can also find clothes, electronics, tools and sports equipment, to name just a few.
·Irma: not all that cheap, but whoever values quality and exotic products will strike gold here.
·Kvickly: not just for day-to-day essentials but also textiles, kitchen utensils, stationery and much more.
·Min købmand: small branches, similar to your corner shops.
·SuperBrugsen: many branches have a deli and a meat counter. Otherwise you’ll find food and drink here.

Other shops

Every supermarket also offers cosmetics and toiletries, which you can also find in specialised chemists. This is the same with electronics. You can get these in large supermarkets but also in electronics stores. In chemists and health food stores, health-conscious people can find health supplements, spices, tea and the newest superfoods like chia seeds and açai berries.

Matas: Chemist chain. Similar to Boots.
·Helsam: a mixture between a pharmacy and a health food store.
·Lagkagehuset: A far from cheap bakery chain but with fantastic pastries and coffee. Alternatives are the pastries from the discount supermarkets.
·Harald Nyborg: a DIY chain.
·T. Hansen: Here you can find everything to do with cars, as well as bicycles and electronics.
·Elgiganten: the most prominent electricals chain in Denmark.

7 Most Helpful Tips To Keep Your Baby's Skin Healthy!

Babies are born with very gentle and fragile skin. New parents are often concerned about their baby’s skin, which is not surprising. A baby’s skin is very sensitive and he/she may probably develop rashes and allergies if proper skincare is not practiced.

New parents should be extremely careful about their baby’s skin needs and must use products that are natural and free of any chemical additives that may cause harm to the baby’s skin. Why? Well, here’s your answer-

• The skin of a baby is very thin and fragile.
• The newborn baby’s skin needs time to get adjusted to the new environment around him.
• A baby’s skin faces a lot of challenges- think diaper rashes, chemical soaps, and shampoos, etc.
• Babies are prone to skin allergies in the first few months. 

Baby Skin Care:

Do you know a human being has the best skin when he or she is a baby? Proper skincare can ensure that your baby can maintain great skin all his/her life. Here you will learn how to take care of baby skin & we’ve listed some of the best ways to ensure optimum skin health for your precious little one.

1. Bathing:

Parents prefer to bathe their children every day. It is better to use shampoo and soaps which do not cause an allergic reaction to the baby. Wash your baby’s skin with lukewarm water and gentle soap. The room that you use to dry off your baby should be warm and all air conditioners and fans should be switched off to avoid the chill.

Do not try any new product on your baby’s skin. Do not use any antibacterial soaps as they may be too harsh for the sensitive skin of the baby. It is best to wipe the baby using natural cotton and smooth towels to ensure gently take the moisture out of the skin thereby staying away from unexpected scratch.

2. Powdering:

You need to be even more careful while choosing a talcum powder for your baby. Choose products that are designed specifically for babies and avoid using powders that have fragrances and other chemicals as they may irritate the baby’s sensitive skin.

Stay away from powders that contain grains and choose herbal powders, especially for the diaper area. As a rule, it is best if you avoid powdering the diaper area, as it may lead to future complications or infections.

3. Nappies and Diapers:

The diapers that are used for babies are actually helpful for keeping the baby clean and fresh. However, certain diapers may also irritate the baby’s skin and may cause rashes or infections. It is best to change the diaper as soon as you find your baby has ‘used’ it.

If you find that skin is irritated at the diaper area, choose another variety or brand- your baby has a diaper rash. Remember to change your baby’s diaper as soon as he dirties it because letting it stay for too long can cause infections.

While most newborns are prone to rashes, you need to take certain preventive measures and avoid them in the first place. Here are some guidelines you should follow for your newborn baby skincare.

4. Diaper Trouble:

Diaper rashes often occur due to skin irritation due to wet diaper left on for too long, too-tight diapers or due to the use of a specific soap, wipes or diaper.

• Change the diaper as soon as it is wet and after using wipes to clean the area, sprinkle some powder to keep the area dry and clean
• Most baby skin rashes are not a serious problem, but few of them may be a sign of infection and need special care. If you find that the rashes are too serious, visit your pediatrician for better treatment right away

5. Skin Problems:

Generally, lots of babies have birthmarks (areas of skin have a slight discoloration) and this condition is not hereditary. Parents need not worry about birthmarks, as they cause absolutely no harm to the baby and needs no treatment.

• Eczema is a red, itchy rash that may or may not occur in response to a cause. It usually occurs on the baby’s face, elbow, arms or behind knees, chest. If the child’s family experiences with allergies, asthma or atopic dermatitis, the baby may be at risk of getting affected by eczema. Use mild soaps and apply soft amounts of moisturizers
• Some babies also tend to develop acne; however, they are not the same as teenage acne. If the problem persists, visit your pediatrician

6. Dry Skin:

If your baby has dry skin, use a natural moisturizer to keep the skin hydrated, soft and supple. Pure coconut oil is a favorite.

• Avoid bathing your baby too often, as it may sap the vital nutrients from the skin, leaving it dull and dry
• During your baby’s first month, gently sponge her with plain water two or three times a week; this should keep the baby clean while preventing her skin from losing its natural moisture
• Use the best skincare products made especially for babies. Be careful if baby is allergic to any products like bath gels, shampoos, and lotions

7. General Baby Skin Care Tips:

The newborn baby's skin is very delicate and so is their immune system.

• Babies should not be exposed to direct sunlight until they are 6 months old. The tender skin of the baby can be protected with long-sleeved tops, pants, and hats
• Make sure that your little one’s new outfits are clean; it is preferable to wash (and soften) new outfits before your baby wears them
• Prickly heat appears due to sweating, like the armpits, skin folds, neck diaper areas. Loose clothes and cool environment are all you need to treat from prickly heat rashes
• Chemical detergents, talcum powders, and certain baby products can cause skin irritation, rashes, dryness, etc. Stick to using organic products as often as possible to protect your baby’s skin from harmful infections or allergic reactions

I hope our post on baby skincare will make you understand that your baby’s sweet, sensitive skin needs nothing but the best care.

Recommended Articles:

• Top 10 Oils That Are Good For Baby Skin
• 3 Key Benefits Of Using Olive Oil For Babies
• Is It Safe To Use Almond Oil For Massaging A Baby?

L’ORÉAL PARIS

As the top beauty Brand sold in retail outlets, L’Oréal Paris makes the most innovative products accessible to everyone. Its ambassadors embody a certain beauty ideal summed up in the legendary signature: “Because you’re worth it.”

With 50 products sold every second worldwide, L'Oréal Paris offers from all continents male and female beauty products of all types (makeup, skin care, hair care, styling, hair color and men), from the excellence of its Research Laboratories. The worldwide success of legendary franchises such as Color Riche lipstick, Revitalift skin care, Elnett hairspray, Elsève hair care, Preference hair color or Men Expert Hydra Energetic skin care for men, reflect the brand’s unique expertise from the greatest beauty experts. Including Christophe Robin for hair color, Stéphane Lancien for hair care and styling and Val Garland for make-up.

L'Oréal Paris shares a unique vision of beauty, supported by 35 diverse international ambassadors, icons such as Jane Fonda, Eva Longoria, Julianne Moore, Elle Fanning, Helen Mirren, Maria Borges, Doutzen Kroes or Gong Li. The exceptional careers and charismatic personality of L’Oréal’s ambassadors resonate in the motto "Because you're worth it", a truly universal message of empowering beauty for the last 40 years. Each year, L'Oréal Paris magnifies its beauty ambassadors and worldwide celebrities from nearly 20 international red carpets, including the Cannes Film Festival, for which L’Oréal Paris has been the Official Makeup Artist for the last 20 years. The Film Festival provides the constantly renewed opportunity to highlight the superiority and expertise of its products accessible to every consumer. L’Oréal Paris is also the official partner of the Paris Fashion week, which allows the brand to be at the edge of beauty trends and to support well-known designers as well as the younger creative scene.

Baby Care : 5 important steps in baby care

Once you have a baby in your house, the way you clean your house will permanently change. You’ll quickly come to know that it’s not just finding time to clean that changes, but also how it must be done. Suddenly, the new responsibility of parenthood will make you take extra caution and care. With all the adjustments you are making, there are chances that you would feel overwhelmed. But, with a few handy baby care tips—and a little bit of time—you’ll be the best mom in the business, making sure that your little one is as safe in your home all the time.

Have a basket in each room

A basket is really handy for keeping baby’s things and it lets you save space and clean fast. You are able to get things off the floor and store it where you can find them, which will help you in cleaning the baby’s room and maintaining their toys quickly. This also allows you to be efficient when doing a full home clean-up.

Keep household cleaning products handy

Make sure that all adults at home knows where the disinfectant and sanitizing spray are to wipe down a dirty spot as soon as they see one.

Get on their level

From our point of view, it’s pretty easy for us adults to look at decently clean floor and judge it to be clean enough. However, your little kids are going to be spending quite a bit of its time on those floors, and you’re going to want them to be spotless in order to help keep your baby safe from bacteria and viruses. Turn to Dettol disinfectant multi-use hygiene liquid to keep your floor safe and sparkling, without leaving behind any harsh or harmful residues.

Small goals are better than big endeavours

One of the most important things to learn is when you have a newborn, nothing else matter. So, let go of the idea of having a perfect home because the time you lose in making your home perfect, you gain in moments making your life perfect.

A Guide for First-Time Parents

You've gone through pregnancy, labor, and delivery, and now you're ready to go home and begin life with your baby. Once home, though, you might feel like you have no idea what you're doing!

These tips can help even the most nervous first-time parents feel confident about caring for a newborn in no time.

Getting Help After the Birth

Consider getting help during this time, which can be very hectic and overwhelming. While in the hospital, talk to the experts around you. Many hospitals have feeding specialists or lactation consultants who can help you get started nursing or bottle-feeding. Nurses also are a great resource to show you how to hold, burp, change, and care for your baby.

For in-home help, you might want to hire a baby nurse, postpartum doula, or a responsible neighborhood teen to help you for a short time after the birth. Your doctor or the hospital can help you find information about in-home help, and might make a referral to home health agencies.

Relatives and friends often want to help too. Even if you disagree on certain things, don't dismiss their experience. But if you don't feel up to having guests or you have other concerns, don't feel guilty about placing restrictions on visitors.

Handling a Newborn

If you haven't spent a lot of time around newborns, their fragility may be intimidating. Here are a few basics to remember:

• Wash your hands (or use a hand sanitizer) before handling your baby. Newborns don't have a strong immune system yet, so they're at risk for infection. Make sure that everyone who handles your baby has clean hands.
• Support your baby's head and neck. Cradle the head when carrying your baby and support the head when carrying the baby upright or when you lay your baby down.
• Never shake your newborn, whether in play or in frustration. Shaking can cause bleeding in the brain and even death. If you need to wake your infant, don't do it by shaking — instead, tickle your baby's feet or blow gently on a cheek.
• Make sure your baby is securely fastened into the carrier, stroller, or car seat. Limit any activity that could be too rough or bouncy.
• Remember that your newborn is not ready for rough play, such as being jiggled on the knee or thrown in the air.

Bonding and Soothing

Bonding, probably one of the most pleasurable parts of infant care, happens during the sensitive time in the first hours and days after birth when parents make a deep connection with their infant. Physical closeness can promote an emotional connection.

For infants, the attachment contributes to their emotional growth, which also affects their development in other areas, such as physical growth. Another way to think of bonding is "falling in love" with your baby. Children thrive from having a parent or other adult in their life who loves them unconditionally.

Begin bonding by cradling your baby and gently stroking him or her in different patterns. Both you and your partner can also take the opportunity to be "skin-to-skin," holding your newborn against your own skin while feeding or cradling.

Babies, especially premature babies and those with medical problems, may respond to infant massage. Certain types of massage may enhance bonding and help with infant growth and development. Many books and videos cover infant massage — ask your doctor for recommendations. Be careful, however — babies are not as strong as adults, so massage your baby gently.

Babies usually love vocal sounds, such as talking, babbling, singing, and cooing. Your baby will probably also love listening to music. Baby rattles and musical mobiles are other good ways to stimulate your infant's hearing. If your little one is being fussy, try singing, reciting poetry and nursery rhymes, or reading aloud as you sway or rock your baby gently in a chair.

Some babies can be unusually sensitive to touch, light, or sound, and might startle and cry easily, sleep less than expected, or turn their faces away when someone speaks or sings to them. If that's the case with your baby, keep noise and light levels low to moderate.

Swaddling, which works well for some babies during their first few weeks, is another soothing technique first-time parents should learn. Proper swaddling keeps a baby's arms close to the body while allowing for some movement of the legs. Not only does swaddling keep a baby warm, but it seems to give most newborns a sense of security and comfort. Swaddling also may help limit the startle reflex, which can wake a baby.

Here's how to swaddle a baby:

• Spread out the receiving blanket, with one corner folded over slightly.
• Lay the baby face-up on the blanket with his or her head above the folded corner.
• Wrap the left corner over the body and tuck it beneath the back of the baby, going under the right arm.
• Bring the bottom corner up over the baby's feet and pull it toward the head, folding the fabric down if it gets close to the face. Be sure not to wrap too tightly around the hips. Hips and knees should be slightly bent and turned out. Wrapping your baby too tightly may increase the chance of hip dysplasia.
• Wrap the right corner around the baby, and tuck it under the baby's back on the left side, leaving only the neck and head exposed. To make sure your baby is not wrapped too tight, make sure you can slip a hand between the blanket and your baby's chest, which will allow comfortable breathing. Make sure, however, that the blanket is not so loose that it could become undone.
• Babies should not be swaddled after they're 2 months old. At this age, some babies can roll over while swaddled, which increases their risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

All About Diapering

You'll probably decide before you bring your baby home whether you'll use cloth or disposable diapers. Whichever you use, your little one will dirty diapers about 10 times a day, or about 70 times a week.

Before diapering your baby, make sure you have all supplies within reach so you won't have to leave your infant unattended on the changing table. You'll need:

• a clean diaper
• fasteners (if cloth prefold diapers are used)
• diaper ointment
• diaper wipes (or a container of warm water and a clean washcloth or cotton balls)

After each bowel movement or if the diaper is wet, lay your baby on his or her back and remove the dirty diaper. Use the water, cotton balls, and washcloth or the wipes to gently wipe your baby's genital area clean. When removing a boy's diaper, do so carefully because exposure to the air may make him urinate. When wiping a girl, wipe her bottom from front to back to avoid a urinary tract infection (UTI). To prevent or heal a rash, apply ointment. Always remember to wash your hands thoroughly after changing a diaper.

Diaper rash is a common concern. Typically the rash is red and bumpy and will go away in a few days with warm baths, some diaper cream, and a little time out of the diaper. Most rashes happen because the baby's skin is sensitive and becomes irritated by the wet or poopy diaper.

To prevent or heal diaper rash, try these tips:

• Change your baby's diaper often, and as soon as possible after bowel movements.
• Gently clean the area with mild soap and water (wipes sometimes can be irritating), then apply a very thick layer of diaper rash or "barrier" cream. Creams with zinc oxide are preferred because they form a barrier against moisture.
• If you use cloth diapers, wash them in dye- and fragrance-free detergents.
• Let the baby go undiapered for part of the day. This gives the skin a chance to air out.

If the diaper rash continues for more than 3 days or seems to be getting worse, call your doctor — it may be caused by a fungal infection that requires a prescription.

Bathing Basics

You should give your baby a sponge bath until:

• the umbilical cord falls off and the navel heals completely (1–4 weeks)
• the circumcision heals (1–2 weeks)

A bath two or three times a week in the first year is fine. More frequent bathing may be drying to the skin.

Have these items ready before bathing your baby:

• a soft, clean washcloth
• mild, unscented baby soap and shampoo
• a soft brush to stimulate the baby's scalp
• towels or blankets
• a clean diaper
• clean clothes

Sponge baths. For a sponge bath, select a safe, flat surface (such as a changing table, floor, or counter) in a warm room. Fill a sink, if nearby, or bowl with warm (not hot!) water. Undress your baby and wrap him or her in a towel. Wipe your infant's eyes with a washcloth (or a clean cotton ball) dampened with water only, starting with one eye and wiping from the inner corner to the outer corner. Use a clean corner of the washcloth or another cotton ball to wash the other eye. Clean your baby's nose and ears with the damp washcloth. Then wet the cloth again and, using a little soap, wash his or her face gently and pat it dry.

Next, using baby shampoo, create a lather and gently wash your baby's head and rinse. Using a wet cloth and soap, gently wash the rest of the baby, paying special attention to creases under the arms, behind the ears, around the neck, and in the genital area. Once you have washed those areas, make sure they are dry and then diaper and dress your baby.

Tub baths. When your baby is ready for tub baths, the first baths should be gentle and brief. If he or she becomes upset, go back to sponge baths for a week or two, then try the bath again.

In addition to the supplies listed above, add:

• an infant tub with 2 to 3 inches of warm — not hot! — water (to test the water temperature, feel the water with the inside of your elbow or wrist). An infant tub is a plastic tub that can fit in the bathtub; it's a better size for babies and makes bathing easier to manage.

Undress your baby and then place him or her in the water immediately, in a warm room, to prevent chills. Make sure the water in the tub is no more than 2 to 3 inches deep, and that the water is no longer running in the tub. Use one of your hands to support the head and the other hand to guide the baby in feet-first. Speaking gently, slowly lower your baby up to the chest into the tub.

Use a washcloth to wash his or her face and hair. Gently massage your baby's scalp with the pads of your fingers or a soft baby hairbrush, including the area over the fontanelles (soft spots) on the top of the head. When you rinse the soap or shampoo from your baby's head, cup your hand across the forehead so the suds run toward the sides and soap doesn't get into the eyes. Gently wash the rest of your baby's body with water and a small amount of soap.

Throughout the bath, regularly pour water gently over your baby's body so he or she doesn't get cold. After the bath, wrap your baby in a towel immediately, making sure to cover his or her head. Baby towels with hoods are great for keeping a freshly washed baby warm.

While bathing your infant, never leave the baby alone. If you need to leave the bathroom, wrap the baby in a towel and take him or her with you.

Circumcision and Umbilical Cord Care

Immediately after circumcision, the tip of the penis is usually covered with gauze coated with petroleum jelly to keep the wound from sticking to the diaper. Gently wipe the tip clean with warm water after a diaper change, then apply petroleum jelly to the tip so it doesn't stick to the diaper. Redness or irritation of the penis should heal within a few days, but if the redness or swelling increases or if pus-filled blisters form, infection may be present and you should call your baby's doctor immediately.

Umbilical cord care in newborns is also important. Some doctors suggest swabbing the area with rubbing alcohol until the cord stump dries up and falls off, usually in 10 days to 3 weeks, but others recommend leaving the area alone. Talk to your child's doctor to see what he or she prefers.

An infant's navel area shouldn't be submerged in water until the cord stump falls off and the area is healed. Until it falls off, the cord stump will change color from yellow to brown or black — this is normal. Call your doctor if the navel area looks red or if a foul odor or discharge develops.

Feeding and Burping Your Baby

Whether feeding your newborn by breast or a bottle, you may be stumped as to how often to do so. Generally, it's recommended that babies be fed on demand — whenever they seem hungry. Your baby may cue you by crying, putting fingers in his or her mouth, or making sucking noises.

A newborn baby needs to be fed every 2 to 3 hours. If you're breastfeeding, give your baby the chance to nurse about 10–15 minutes at each breast. If you're formula-feeding, your baby will most likely take about 2–3 ounces (60–90 milliliters) at each feeding.

Some newborns may need to be awakened every few hours to make sure they get enough to eat. Call your baby's doctor if you need to wake your newborn often or if your baby doesn't seem interested in eating or sucking.

If you're formula-feeding, you can easily monitor if your baby is getting enough to eat, but if you're breastfeeding, it can be a little trickier. If your baby seems satisfied, produces about six wet diapers and several stools a day, sleeps well, and is gaining weight regularly, then he or she is probably eating enough.

Another good way to tell if your baby is getting milk is to notice if your breasts feel full before feeding your baby and less full after feeding. Talk to your doctor if you have concerns about your child's growth or feeding schedule.

Babies often swallow air during feedings, which can make them fussy. To help prevent this, burp your baby often. Try burping your baby every 2–3 ounces (60–90 milliliters) if you bottle-feed, and each time you switch breasts if you breastfeed.

If your baby tends to be gassy, has gastroesophageal reflux, or seems fussy during feeding, try burping your little one after every ounce during bottle-feeding or every 5 minutes during breastfeeding.

Try these burping tips:

• Hold your baby upright with his or her head on your shoulder. Support your baby's head and back while gently patting the back with your other hand.
• Sit your baby on your lap. Support your baby's chest and head with one hand by cradling your baby's chin in the palm of your hand and resting the heel of your hand on your baby's chest (be careful to grip your baby's chin — not throat). Use the other hand to gently pat your baby's back.
• Lay your baby face-down on your lap. Support your baby's head, making sure it's higher than his or her chest, and gently pat or rub his or her back.

If your baby doesn't burp after a few minutes, change the baby's position and try burping for another few minutes before feeding again. Always burp your baby when feeding time is over, then keep him or her in an upright position for at least 10–15 minutes to avoid spitting up.

Sleeping Basics

As a new parent, you may be surprised to learn that your newborn, who seems to need you every minute of the day, actually sleeps about 16 hours or more!

Newborns typically sleep for periods of 2–4 hours. Don't expect yours to sleep through the night — the digestive system of babies is so small that they need nourishment every few hours and should be awakened if they haven't been fed for 4 hours (or more often if your doctor is concerned about weight gain).

When can you expect your baby to sleep through the night? Many babies sleep through the night (between 6–8 hours) at 3 months of age, but if yours doesn't, it's not a cause for concern. Like adults, babies must develop their own sleep patterns and cycles, so if your newborn is gaining weight and appears healthy, don't despair if he or she hasn't slept through the night at 3 months.

It's important to always place babies on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). Other safe sleeping practices include: not using blankets, quilts, sheepskins, stuffed animals, and pillows in the crib or bassinet (these can suffocate a baby); and sharing a bedroom (but not a bed) with the parents for the first 6 months to 1 year. Also be sure to alternate the position of your baby's head from night to night (first right, then left, and so on) to prevent the development of a flat spot on one side of the head.

Many newborns have their days and nights "mixed up." They tend to be more awake and alert at night, and more sleepy during the day. One way to help them is to keep stimulation at night to a minimum. Keep the lights low, such as by using a nightlight. Reserve talking and playing with your baby for the daytime. When your baby wakes up during the day, try to keep him or her awake a little longer by talking and playing.

Even though you may feel anxious about handling a newborn, in a few short weeks you'll develop a routine and be parenting like a pro! If you have questions or concerns, ask your doctor to recommend resources that can help you and your baby grow together.